This training examines emerging research on pedophilia as a distinct taxon and highlights important differences among individuals who commit sexual offenses against children. Dr. Sonja Krstic explores key distinctions between individuals convicted of non-contact CSEM offenses and those with contact or mixed offenses, emphasizing implications for risk assessment and treatment planning. Drawing on current research, the training reviews etiological and typological factors—including perceived social competence, past sexual victimization, and neurodevelopmental risks—to support more informed clinical decision-making.